The issue of the theological principles of the authority of absolute suspicion in the Occultation is one of the practical issues with a significant role in ijtihad and inference of rulings and has been and is as a battle of opinion among the Usulis, and since this issue is the boundary between theology and the principles of jurisprudence, necessitated that the theological foundations of this issue be examined in the principles of jurisprudence in order to strengthen the authority of absolute suspicion; Therefore, the current paper aims at investigating the authority of absolute suspicion in the science of the principles of jurisprudence. This is a descriptive-analytical paper. The findings indicate the unconditional authority of absolute suspicion, especially when the Ummah is deprived of the presence of the Infallible Imam.

NP-C is a severe, progressive and irreversible neurovisceral disease, which is invariably fatal. NP-C is a rare disease, with an estimated minimal incidence of 1/120, 000 live births. NP-C is caused by mutations in NPC1 (~95% of patients) or NPC2 genes. Defective NPC1 and NPC2 proteins result in a disruption of lipid metabolism. One of special features of this disorder is heterogeneous manifestations. Overall various clinical manifestation of NPC disease can be categorized in three main groups: Visceral or systemic, neurological and psychiatric. The most important clinical features of each group are as follow: Visceral (prolonged neonatal jaundice, unexplained splenomegaly with or without hepatomegaly), neurological (vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, gelastic cataplexy), Psychiatric (early cognitive decline or dementia).In addition of variable clinical features, NPC disease has a wide range of age manifestation, from neonatal period through adulthood. Neurologic features unlike visceral symptoms are not common under early infancy period. After that neurological symptoms become prominent andfinally from juvenile period through adolescent/adult age psychiatric symptoms in addition of neurological signs will present. Therefore with considering the variability in clinical presentations and age manifestation of NPC disease, it seems a little hard to diagnose the disease.The NP-C Guidelines Working Group revised the recommendations for the diagnosis and management of Niemann-Pick type C disease in 2012, to provide the most up-to-date information about NP-C. A new tool – the NP-C Suspicion Index –has also been developed for healthcare professionals to help identify patients for whom further investigation is required.This will hopefully help to achieve earlier and improved diagnosis of NP-C in patients suspected of having the disease . Suspicion index is one of important tools for early diagnosis of NPC disease that developed in 2012 by Wijburg et al.Early diagnosis is important, because it help us to start early treatment with Zavesca (the only available drug for NPC disease that acts as a substrate reduction therapy). This process finally helps to patients with reducing the progression of disease. From a physician’s point of view the Suspicion Index works both as a reminder of the complex and varied symptoms characteristic of NP-C, as well as support in making the right referral decision. Suspicion index likes a checklist and fill it tells us the NPC risk prediction score. The three main categories of disease symptoms have been ranked into five groups according it’s importance. Co-Occurrence of symptoms (within and across categories) and family history are also taken into account to define the Risk Prediction Score.NPC SI Interpretation: 1.A total Risk Prediction Score of³70 indicates a high suspicion of having NP-C and should lead to immediate referral of the patient to a NP-C center for testing about NP-C according to local practice.2.A total Risk Prediction Score of 40–69 indicates a Moderate suspicion of having NP-C, and should lead to further follow-up, including discussion with a NP-C center.3. A total Risk Prediction Score of<40 indicates a low probability of having NP-C, and alternative causes should be considered before further investigation for NP-C.Analysis of SI discriminatory ability by age groups showed a high performance in study patients aged>4 years, but the discriminatory performance was low for patients aged≤4 years. Due to a lower sensitivity in patients below 4 years old, a prediction score below 70 is not conclusive in this group of patients. The infantile NP-C SI 0–4y is designed for patients aged<4 years. Carefully assess the signs and symptoms, selecting those that are present in your patient Pay close attention to the co-occurrence of ataxia and/or mental regression with central nervous system or spleen symptoms. Calculate the total risk predication score for your patient by adding the totals for each category.

Some jurists believe that in the conflict between principle and appearance, appearance takes precedence over principle. Given that the courts do not currently have a single procedure, some judges jointly prefer appearance over principle and others prefer principle over appearance. In the present article, which will be descriptive, the authors try to express a superior theory in the conflict between principle and appearance, according to the principles of different theories of jurists in terms of the preference of each principle and appearance over each other. The main purpose of this study is to examine the meanings of the principle and appearance as well as the views of jurists in this field and to examine the practical cases of this issue during the trial on family issues to determine which judge prefers in dealing with such cases during the trial. Give. In this article, according to the uses of jurists and fundamentalists, the method of using these principles and their conditions in jurisprudential inferences has been obtained, and through this, a somewhat comprehensive analysis and a barrier to it has been presented.

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal and flank pain with sudden onset is one of the most common patient presentations to emergency departments (ED). Renal infarction is a rare cause of abdominal and flank pain. Usually the symptoms of renal infarction are nonspecific, so the diagnosis is frequently missed or delayed. (1) Especially if a patient has a disease such as nephrolithiasis and pyelonephritis, the possibility of delay or a misdiagnosis will increase. This may lead to irreversible loss of renal function. Diagnosis requires high degree of suspicion. (2) In other words, ‘ no suspicion, no disease’ . Renal infarction was first described in 1940 by Hoxie and Kogan. (2) Although it is uncommon, it is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. (3) In this case series, we aim to increase awareness of this condition and decrease the delay and misdiagnosis of renal infarctions.

Zero-sum transactions are transactions in which the expense of one of the traders is against other’ s interest; and just as much as one body harms someone else will benefit. The main application of zero-sum transactions is the risk management. Some believe that the prohibition of gambling is because of being a zero-sum transaction, so every another zero-sum transaction is rejected in Islam. In exploring the concept of gambling will reach the conclusion that literally and in terms of jurists and the Hadith, gambling rests on three pillars: 1-The game 2-The overcoming 3-The betting. Of these three pillars, only "the betting" is available in the zero-sum transactions. The betting means pledging a certain fund by both sides to transfer at the end from the loser to winner. "The overcoming" means that each of the parties have the intention and effort to overcome another which is called "win-lose" in Slang. In the zero-sum transactions no one intends to win and overcome the other side, but all are simply looking to make a profit. "The game" means some work that has no reasonability while a zero-sum transaction has at least an important benefit and rational purpose, that is the risk hedging. As a result, a zero-sum transaction is not gambling.

Pulmonary thromboembolism following spine surgery, although rare, could end into devastating outcome. Gold standard for it diagnosis is pulmonary CT angiography but in operating theatre, clinical suspicion is the key to diagnose. Here we report a case of pulmonary embolism with classic clinical findings which approved using pulmonary CT angiography and echocardiography.

The word “ hermeneutics” implies the idea that in humanities and social sciences, there is only one hermeneutic methodological approach, while there are various methodological hermeneutics approaches. In order to study the social life, hermeneutics uses two models i. e. hermeneutics of recovery andhermeneutics of suspicion. Traditional or recovery hermeneutics approach as a qualitative research method in social sciences, tries to acquire a first-hand knowledge from social actors, but contemporary or suspicion hermeneutics seeks to understand and penetrate to the flow of everyday self-understanding and reveal the reality and the right and bottom true meaning of social action. This paper, using documentary method, tries to highlight and introduce the suspicion hermeneutics as one of appropriate methods for social studies. Results indicate that suspicion hermeneutics claims that the understanding which traditional or recovery hermeneutics emphasizes on, is itself fundamentally flawed, and the understanding that comes with this type of hermeneutics is only a mask of the underlying reality. While from the point of view of suspicion hermeneutics, the suitable goal for the social sciences is influencing the flow of everyday self-awareness and revealing the truth and meaning of social action, which has a close relationship with social sciences scholars’ emphasis on the fluidity of everyday life.